MANAGEMENT OF BULBAR URETHRAL ISCHEMIC NECROSIS FOLLOWING PELVIC FRACTURE URETHRAL INJURY REPAIR-A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Aims & Objectives:About 10% of pelvic fracture injuries are associated with urethral injury. Most of the urethral injuries are successfully repaired by progressive perineal anastomotic urethroplasty. Bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis is a devastating complication seen in 5-8% of failed PFUI repairs. The objective of this study is to present our experience in management of a bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis developed following PFUI repair. Materials & methods:This is a retrospective study done at our institute, which includes data from feb,2003 to feb,2021. This is a descriptive statical analysis. Total 18 patients were managed using various surgical approaches and followed. Out of 18 patients seven patients underwent staged urethroplasty with Results & Observations: success rate of 85.71%,four underwent pedicled preputial skin tube urethroplasty with success rate of 75%,one underwent non transecting augmented urethroplasty with success rate of 100%,three underwent augmented perineal urethrostomy, two underwent continent diversion procedures, one underwent augmented perineal skin tube perineal urethrostomy. Bulbar urethral ischemic necrosi Conclusions: s following PFUI repair although uncommon, is a devastating complication which can be salvaged by various surgical techniques. Type of procedure chosen depends on individual patient and outcomes vary for each type of procedure

Surgical technique and effectiveness of titanium elastic nail assisted retrograde channel screw implantation in superior pubic branch / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the surgical technique and effectiveness of titanium elastic nail (TEN) assisted retrograde channel screw implantation of superior pubic branch.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 31 patients with pelvic or acetabular fractures treated with retrograde channel screw implantation in superior pubic branch between January 2021 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 16 cases were implanted with assistance of TEN (study group) and 15 cases were implanted under the guidance of C-arm X-ray machine (control group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, Tile classification of pelvic fracture, Judet-Letournal classification of acetabular fracture, and time from injury to operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, fluoroscopy times, and intraoperative blood loss of each superior pubic branch retrograde channel screw were recorded during operation. X-ray films and three-dimensional CT were reexamined after operation, the quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Matta score standard, and the position of channel screw was evaluated by screw position classification standard. The fracture healing time was recorded during the follow-up, and the postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by Merle D'Aubigne Postel score system at last follow-up.@*RESULTS@#Nineteen and 20 retrograde channel screws of superior pubic branch were implanted in the study group and the control group, respectively. The operation time, fluoroscopy times, and intraoperative blood loss of each screw in the study group were significantly less than those in the control group ( P<0.05). According to the postoperative X-ray films and three-dimensional CT, none of the 19 screws in the study group penetrated out of the cortical bone or into the joint, and the excellent and good rate was 100% (19/19); in the control group, there were 4 screws of cortical bone penetration, and the excellent and good rate was 80% (16/20); the difference between the two groups was significant ( P<0.05). Matta score standard was used to evaluate the quality of fracture reduction, there was no patient in the two groups with poor reduction results, and the difference was not significant between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incisions of the two groups healed by first intention, and there was no complication such as incision infection, skin margin necrosis, and deep infection. All patients were followed up 8-22 months, with an average of 14.7 months. There was no significant difference in healing time between the two groups ( P>0.05). At last follow-up, the difference in functional recovery evaluated by the Merle D'Aubigne Postel scoring system between the two groups was not significant ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#TEN assisted implantation technique can significantly shorten the operation time of retrograde channel screw implantation of superior pubic branch, reduce the times of fluoroscopy, and have less intraoperative blood loss and accurate screw implantation, which provides a new safe and reliable method for minimally invasive treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures.

Comprehensive Treatment and Functional Rehabilitation After Pelvic Fracture in the Elderly With Multiple Organ Failure:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

We reported the comprehensive treatment of an elderly critically ill patient with pelvic fracture.The functions and quality of life of the patient were recovered after collaborative nursing by both family and hospital according to the general practice principle of both mental and physical rehabilitation.We summarized the diagnosis and treatment strategies of this case,aiming to provide reference for the clinical treatment of such cases.

Intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system for reduction of unstable pelvic fractures: a cadaveric study / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate a self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system in the reduction of unstable pelvic fractures by a cadaveric anatomic study.Methods:Ten unembalmed cadavers (7 male and 3 female ones) were used in this study. In each cadaveric specimen an unstable pelvic fracture was created in accordance with clinical case models (3 cases of type B1, 4 cases of type B2 and 3 cases of type C1 by the Tile classification). A self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system was used to assist the reduction in the cadaveric models. Intraoperative registration and navigation time, autonomous reduction time, total operation time and reduction error were measured.Results:Effective reduction was completed in 10 bone models with the assistance of our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system. The time for intraoperative registration and navigation averaged 47.4 min (from 32 to 74 min), the autonomous reduction time 73.9 min (from 48 to 96 min), and the total operation time 121.3 min (from 83 to 170 min). The reduction error averaged 2.02 mm (from 1.67 to 2.62 mm), and the reduction results met the clinical requirements.Conclusion:Our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system is a new clinical solution for unstable pelvic fractures, showing advantages of agreement with clinical operative procedures, high reduction accuracy and operational feasibility, and reduced radiation exposure compared to a conventional operation.

Gracilis musculocutaneous flap in repair of perineal soft tissue defect with open pelvic fracture / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of gracilis musculocutaneous flap in repair of perineal soft defect with open pelvic fracture.Methods:From June 2009 to June 2019, 11 cases of open pelvic fracture associated with perineal injury were treated in the Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic of 521 Hospital of Norinco Group. There were 4 males and 7 females aged 16-56 (33 in average) years old. Cause of injuries: 6 cases by traffic accident, 4 by falling from height, and 1 by crushing. All the patients had open pelvic fractures. According to Tile classification, 1 case was rated as type A, 7 as type B and 3 as type C. All the patients were accompanied with perineal injury and soft tissue defect. The wound sizes ranged from 5 cm×5 cm to 8 cm×12 cm. The defects were repaired with gracilis musculocutaneous flap. The size of gracilis myocutaneous flaps was 6 cm×5 cm to 9 cm×13 cm. All donor areas of the flap were sutured directly. After surgery, 11 patients treated with strengthened nutritional support, keep supine position to avoid abduction, and appropriately raise the lower limbs. Follow-ups were conducted regularly after surgery.Results:All patients entered 6 to 30 (22 in average) months of follow-up. All of 11 myocutaneous flaps survived, besides 1 had a few necrosis at the distal surface of the myocutaneous flap, and healed after change of dressing. All the incisions at donor site had stage I healing. The colour, texture and flexibility of the gracilis myocutaneous flap were good. There was a scar at the donor sites without causing obvious dysfunction. Over the follow-up period, there was no failure of flap in either the recipient and donor sites. The patients were satisfied with the appearance and function.Conclusion:Gracilis musculocutaneous flap is one of the ideal methods in repair of perineal soft tissue defect with open pelvic fracture.

Analysis of laparoscopic repair of traumatic bladder neck obliteration / 中华泌尿外科杂志

There are few reports on laparoscopic repair of traumatic atresia of bladder neck. In this study, three patients with traumatic atresia of bladder neck were repaired by laparoscopic surgery, and the surgery was successfully completed. During postoperative follow-up, the patients had smooth urination, no urinary incontinence and sexual function damage, and laparoscopic surgery was effective in repairing traumatic atresia of bladder neck.

Study of Deep Vein Thrombosis Screening by using Ultrasound Doppler in Patients with Pelvic and Acetabulum Fractures Requiring Operative Intervention

@#Introduction: Pelvic and acetabulum fractures are commonly caused by high impact injuries, increasing the risk of patients developing thromboembolic diseases such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, this study was performed to determine the incidence of lower extremity DVT in patients with pelvic and acetabulum fractures and the importance of preoperative screening with Doppler ultrasound prior to surgical intervention. Materials and methods: This retrospective study involved 78 patients with pelvic and acetabulum fractures requiring surgical intervention from January 2015 until December 2019. Patients who underwent surgical interventions were screened pre-operatively with Doppler ultrasound to detect lower limb DVT and later compared with the incidence of lower limb DVT post-operatively. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24. Results: The participants of this study consisted of 30.8% females and 69.2% males. Pre-operative screening with Doppler ultrasound showed that three patients (3.8%) were diagnosed with lower limb DVT, whereas one of them (1.3%) was symptomatic and diagnosed with PE. Postoperatively, one patient developed DVT, and one patient developed PE. Both patients were negative for DVT preoperatively. Conclusion: The incidence of DVT in patients with pelvic and acetabulum fractures requiring operative intervention was significant despite the initiation of mechanical and pharmacological thromboprophylaxis upon admission. Despite the low incidence of DVT in our study, it has a high impact on patients’ morbidity and mortality; thus, preoperative screening is important for early detection and the subsequent reduction of the risk of developing PE. The compulsory use of Doppler ultrasound of bilateral lower limbs as a part of pre-operative screening is highly recommended because it is cost-effective, efficient and readily available in most tertiary hospitals nationwide.

Intraoperative assisted O-arm navigation imaging for unstable pelvic fractures in INFIX / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of internal external fixator assisted O-arm navigation imaging in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.@*METHODS@#From May 2019 to November 2019, 15 patients with unstable pelvic fractures were treated by intraoperative O-arm navigation imaging using INFIX technology. There were 6 males and 9 females. The age ranged from 24 to 66 years old. The course of disease ranged from 2 to 14 days. According to Tile classification, there were 1 case of B1 type, 8 cases of B2 type, 3 cases of C1 type, and 3 cases of C2 type. According to Young-Burgess classification, there were 8 cases of LC, 1 case of APC, 4 cases of VS, 2 cases of CM. Preoperative routine pelvic anteroposterior film, entrance position, exit position and pelvic CT three-dimensional reconstruction were performed. Intraoperative O-arm navigation system three-dimensional reconstruction and triplane scanning imaging were used to evaluate the effect of intraoperative reduction. The anterior pelvic ring was fixed with internal external fixator, and the posterior ring was fixed with sacroiliac screw, plate screw or lumbar iliac screw. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding and nail placement were observed and recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Matta standard, and the postoperative function was evaluated by Majeed function score.@*RESULTS@#Wound healing was good in all patients without vascular, nerve and local irritation complications. All the 15 patients were followed up for 10 to 16 months. The fracture reduction was evaluated according to the Matta scoring standard, 9 cases were excellent results, 5 cases were good, and 1 case was medium. The Majeed functional score was 0 to 95 points.@*CONCLUSION@#The built-in external fixator assisted O-arm navigation imaging system in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. The reduction effect is evaluated in advance, the operation time is shortened, and the accuracy of internal fixation is improved. The operation is simple, safe and less bleeding. The operation is in line with the principles of minimally invasive medical treatment and precision medical treatment in orthopedics, which is conducive to the recovery of patients' postoperative function and rapid recovery.

Lesiones traumáticas de pelvis / Traumatic Pelvic Injuries

Introducción: El tratamiento del traumatismo pélvico es uno de los más complejos en la atención al trauma. La tasa de mortalidad es alta. Objetivo: Examinar los criterios actuales acerca de las lesiones traumáticas de pelvis y las posibles estrategias existentes para su tratamiento. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados en la base de datos PubMed entre los años 2011-2020. Se excluyeron trabajos porque estaban duplicados o los datos de origen eran insuficientes. Resultados: Se analizaron los mecanismos de las lesiones, su fisiopatología, principios y pilares de la atención médica y recomendaciones para el uso de herramientas de diagnóstico en el trauma, entre otras. Las complicaciones se presentan en pacientes con trauma pélvico abierto que pueden tener secuelas crónicas como incontinencia fecal y urinaria, impotencia, dispareunia, discapacidad residual en las funciones físicas, absceso perineal y pélvico, dolor crónico y complicaciones vasculares como embolia o trombosis. La mayoría de las muertes (44,7 por ciento) ocurren el día del trauma. Un enfoque multidisciplinario en la atención a las lesiones traumáticas de pelvis, contribuye a una mejora en el rendimiento y en los resultados de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Las lesiones traumáticas del anillo pélvico son consecuencia de accidentes de alta energía y constituyen una de las lesiones de mayor gravedad a las que está expuesto el ser humano. La posibilidad de inestabilidad mecánica asociada a alteraciones hemodinámicas obliga a la adopción de protocolos de actuación inmediata, para evitar la elevada mortalidad que se asocia a estas lesiones(AU)

Introduction: The treatment of pelvic trauma is one of the most complex in trauma care. Mortality rate is high. Objective: To examine the current criteria about traumatic pelvic injuries and the possible existing strategies for their treatment. Methods: A search was carried out for articles published in PubMed database from 2011 to 2020. Works that were duplicated or had insufficient source data were excluded. Results: We analyzed injury mechanisms, pathophysiology, classifications, principles and pillars of medical care, and recommendations for the use of diagnostic tools in pelvic trauma, among others. Complications with functional limitations occur in patients with open pelvic trauma who may have chronic sequelae such as fecal and urinary incontinence, impotence, dyspareunia, residual disability in physical functions, perineal and pelvic abscess, chronic pain, and vascular complications such as embolism or thrombosis. Most deaths (44.7 percent) occur on the day of the trauma. A multidisciplinary approach to treating traumatic pelvic injuries contributes to improved performance and patient outcomes. Conclusions: Traumatic injuries to the pelvic ring are the consequence of high-energy accidents and constitute one of the most serious injuries to which humans are exposed. The possibility of mechanical instability associated with hemodynamic alterations requires the adoption of protocols for immediate action, to avoid the high mortality associated with these injuries(AU)

Outcomes of partial pubectomy assisted anastomotic urethroplasty for male patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the clinical outcomes of partial pubectomy assisted anastomotic urethroplasty for male patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (PFUDD) and discuss the skills of partial pubectomy.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 63 male patients with PFUDD were retrospective reviewed. The procedure of the anastomotic urethroplasty was as follows: (1) circumferentially mobilizing the bulbar urethra; (2) separating the corporal bodies; (3) performing the urethral anastomosis after partial pubectomy and exposure of the healthy two ends of the urethra.@*RESULTS@#The mean age of the patients was (39.2±15.6) years (range: 15-72 years). The median time between incidents and operation was 15 months (range: 3-240 months) and the mean length of stricture was (3.85±0.91) cm (range: 1.5-5.5 cm). All the patients had undergone suprapubic cystostomy in acute setting. Thirteen patients (20.6%) were re-do cases and the patients who had undergone dilation, direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU), and open primary realignment were 22 (34.9%), 8 (12.7%), and 8 (12.7%), respectively. Assisted with partial pubectomy, the anastomotic urethroplasty had been successfully performed in all the patients. The mean time of operation was (160.2±28.1) min (110-210 min), and the mean evaluated blood loss was (261.1±130.3) mL (100-800 mL). There were 3 cases (4.8%) with perioperative blood transfusions. The postoperative complications were bleeding and urinary tract infection, which were controlled conservatively. The mean maximum urine flow rate was (23.7±7.4) mL/s (15.0-48.2 mL/s) after removing the catheters 4 weeks after urethroplasty. The median follow-up was 23 months (12-37 months). The urethroscopy showed 2 cases of stricture recurrences and 1 case of iatrogenic penile urethral stricture due the symptoms of urinary tract infection and decreased urine flow and all of them were successfully managed with dilation.@*CONCLUSION@#Partial pubectomy can effectively reduce the gap between the ends of the urethra and promote tension-free anastomosis during the anastomotic urethroplsty for patients with PFUDD. The skills of the procedure include good exposure of the anterior surface of pubic symphysis between the separated corporal bodies, carefully mobilizing and securing the deep dorsal vein of the penis, removing the partial pubic bone and the harden scar beneath the pubic bone for good exposure of the proximal urethral end.

Fractura de pelvis inestable. Estudio de cohorte longitudinal / Unstable pelvic Fractures. A Cohort Study

Introducción No hay consenso sobre el paradigma de tratamiento óptimo para pacientes que se presentan con fractura de pelvis inestable y más si se asocia a inestabilidad hemodinámica. El estudio se realizó para determinar la experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con una fractura inestable de la pelvis, con o sin inestabilidad hemodinámica, en un centro de referencia de trauma de Medellín, Colombia, como un paso inicial para avanzar protocolos adaptados a las necesidades particulares de nuestra población. Materiales & Métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional que incluyó pacientes con fractura pélvica por traumatismo. Se recogieron datos demográficos, signos vitales de admisión, presencia de shock al ingreso (según escala ATLS), método de control de hemorragias, requerimiento de transfusión y mortalidad global. Se realizó análisis de un subgrupo de pacientes que se presentaron con signos de Shock hemodinámica grave asociado, definido como ATLS III- IV al ingreso y requerimiento de hemoderivados de más de 8UI en las primeras 48 horas. Resultados Un total de 567 pacientes con fractura pélvica de cualquier tipo, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2018, identificados en las bases de datos de la institución, de los cuales 149 pacientes presentaron un patrón de fractura inestable de la pelvis (FIP). El 68.1% de los pacientes eran varones, con una edad media de 34 RIQ; 30 años y una puntuación de gravedad de la lesión (ISS) de 34 RIQ: 20. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 13.3%. La angioembolización y la colocación de fijadores externos fueron el método más común de control de hemorragias utilizado. Un total de 37 pacientes (27%) se sometieron intervención para el control de la hemorragia en las primeras 48 horas. Hubo 37 pacientes con fractura pélvica admitidos en estado de shock grave o requerimiento de más de 8U hemoderivados, 17 pacientes requirieron intervención en la pelvis, únicas o combinadas. La mortalidad calculada para estos pacientes fué de 32%. Discusión Los pacientes con FPI admitidos en nuestra institución tienen una alta mortalidad y es aún mayor en los pacientes quienes se presentan con Shock grave. Se utilizaron varios métodos para el control de la hemorragia de forma semejante a las indicadas en la literatura actual. Requerimos un esfuerzo institucional sostenido para tratar las fracturas pélvicas y disminuir la mortalidad de nuestros pacientes y conocer nuestra población nos permite orientar las estrategias de manejo.

Background There is no consensus about treatment for patients with an unstable pelvic fracture and even less when hemodynamic instability is associated with. Study was conducted to determine the outcome in the management of patients with an unstable fracture of the pelvis, with or without hemodynamic instability, in a trauma referral center in Medellín, Colombia. Methods A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted including patients with pelvic fracture due to trauma. Demographic data, vital signs on admission, presence of hemodynamic shock on admission (according to the ATLS scale), method of bleeding control, transfusion requirement and overall mortality rate were collected. An analysis was performed on a subgroup of patients who presented with signs of associated severe hemodynamic shock, defined as ATLS III-IV upon admission and a requirement for blood products of more than 8IU in the first 48hours. Results A total of 567 patients with any type of pelvic fracture, between January 2011 and December 2018, identified in the institution's databases, of which 149 patients presented an unstable pelvic fracture pattern (FIP). 68.1% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 34 IQR; 30 years and an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 34 IQR: 20. Hospital mortality was 13.3%. Angioembolization and external fixator placement were the most used method of bleeding control. A total of 37 patients (27%) underwent intervention to control bleeding in the first 48hours. There were 37 patients with pelvic fracture admitted in a state of severe shock or requiring more than 8U of blood products, 17 patients required intervention in the pelvis, using single or combined ways. The mortality calculated for these patients was 32%. Discussion Patients with unstable pelvis fractures admitted to our institution have a high mortality rate and it is even higher in patients who present with severe shock. Various methods were used to control bleeding similar to those indicated in the current literature. We require a sustained institutional effort to treat pelvic fractures and reduce the mortality of our patients, and knowing our population characteristcs allows us to guide management strategies.

Hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture: A damage control surgical algorithm that fits your reality / Trauma pélvico e inestabilidad hemodinámica: Un algoritmo quirúrgico de control de daños que se adapta con su realidad

Abstract Pelvic fractures occur in up to 25% of all severely injured trauma patients and its mortality is markedly high despite advances in resuscitation and modernization of surgical techniques due to its inherent blood loss and associated extra-pelvic injuries. Pelvic ring volume increases significantly from fractures and/or ligament disruptions which precludes its inherent ability to self-tamponade resulting in accumulation of hemorrhage in the retroperitoneal space which inevitably leads to hemodynamic instability and the lethal diamond. Pelvic hemorrhage is mainly venous (80%) from the pre-sacral/pre-peritoneal plexus and the remaining 20% is of arterial origin (branches of the internal iliac artery). This reality can be altered via a sequential management approach that is tailored to the specific reality of the treating facility which involves a collaborative effort between orthopedic, trauma and intensive care surgeons. We propose two different management algorithms that specifically address the availability of qualified staff and existing infrastructure: one for the fully equipped trauma center and another for the very common limited resource center.

Resumen Las fracturas de pelvis ocurren en más del 25% de los pacientes con trauma severo y su mortalidad es alta, a pesar de los avances en la resucitación hemodinámica y las técnicas quirúrgicas. Esta mortalidad se explica por la hemorragia inherente y las lesiones extra pélvicas asociadas, las fracturas o las disrupciones ligamentarias de la pelvis aumentan el volumen del espacio pélvico, y conlleva a que la hemorragia pélvica se acumule en el espacio retroperitoneal. En poco tiempo, esto conduce a la inestabilidad hemodinámica y el rombo de la muerte. La hemorragia pélvica es un 80% venosa proveniente de los plexos pre-sacro / pre-peritoneal. El restante 20% es arterial por sangrado de las ramas de la arteria iliaca interna. Esta realidad podría ser cambiada a través de un manejo secuencial enfocado según la disposición de recursos del centro de atención y de un trabajo colaborativo entre ortopedistas, cirujanos de trauma e intensivistas. Este articulo propone dos algoritmos de manejo que están enfocados según la disponibilidad de un equipo calificado e infraestructura existente: uno para un centro de trauma totalmente equipado, y el otro para un centro con recursos limitados.

Prospective randomised study of cases of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects managed by early alignment versus initial suprapubic urinary diversion with delayed urethroplasty

Background: In complex pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDD), early management prevents incidence of devastating complications such as urinary incontinence, restenosis and urethra cutaneous fistula. The aim of the present study was to study the outcome of patients with PFUDD undergoing early alignment (either by rail roading or endoscopic) compared with initial suprapubic urinary diversion with delayed urethroplasty.Methods: This was a prospective randomized study done at KGMU, Lucknow; having PFUDD during the period from June 2014 to July 2017. Patients with PFUDD were randomized in to two groups. Group A included 22 patients and managed by supra pubic cystostomy followed by delayed urethroplasty. Group B included 23 patients and managed by primary alignment by rail-roading and early endoscopic alignment. Patients were followed up after 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months for measuring the primary and secondary outcomes during follow up.Results: The most common age group that sustained pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects injury are male of 21-40 years. In group A, stricture was present in all patients at 6 weeks post-surgery. Open urethroplasty was done at 3 months in 60% and 10% patients at 6 months.  In group B, stricture was present in 80% at 6 weeks, 40% at 3 months and 10% at 6 months. The incidence of ED in group A at 6 weeks, 3 months, was 25% patient which reduced to 20% at 6 months. In group B, ED was present in 30% patients 6 weeks, 3 months and which reduced to 25% at 6 months. No incontinence was observed in both groups.Conclusions: Primary realignment has significant benefits compared to SPC as realignment approach is associated with a 50%-55% decrease in stricture formation.

Surgical treatment of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects in boys: Which approach is suitable? / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDDs) are relatively infrequent in boys, and treatment for PFUDDs presents one of the most difficult problems in urological practice. Anastomotic urethroplasty is considered an ideal surgical procedure for PFUDDs in boys. However, various surgical approaches for anastomotic urethroplasty have been proposed, including a simple transperineal approach, a transperineal intercorporal septal separation approach, a transperineal inferior pubic approach, and a combined transpubic-perineal approach. This study aims to determine which surgical approach is best for PFUDDs in boys. We retrospectively identified 22 boys with PFUDDs aged 2-14 years who underwent anastomotic urethroplasty via different approaches between January 2008 and December 2017. Follow-up was performed in all the 22 patients for 6-123 (mean: 52.0) months. Finally, 20 of the 22 boys (90.9%) were successfully treated, including 1 of 2 patients treated with a simple transperineal approach, 3 of 3 with a transperineal approach with intercorporal septal separation, 14 of 15 with a transperineal inferior pubic approach, and 2 of 2 with a combined transpubic-perineal approach. Two patients had failed outcomes after the operation, and stenosis recurred. Based on the outcome of the 22 patients, we can draw a preliminary conclusion that most boys (20/22) can be treated with a transperineal inferior pubic approach or simpler procedures without the need of completely removing or incising the pubis. The combined transpubic-perineal approach can be used in cases of extremely long urethral distract defects.

Anterior subcutaneous internal fixation combined with posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of anterior subcutaneous internal fixation (INFIX) combined with posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw for the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. Methods: Between August 2016 and November 2017, 19 cases of unstable pelvic fractures were treated with anterior subcutaneous INFIX combined with posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw. There were 14 males and 5 females, with an average age of 40.6 years (range, 17-69 years). Causes of injury included traffic accident injury in 11 cases, falling from height in 5 cases, bruise injury by heavy object in 3 cases. According to Tile classification, there were 2 cases of type B1, 6 cases of type B2, and 11 cases of type C. Anterior ring injuries included bilateral pubic ischial ramus fractures in 12 cases, unilateral pubic ischial ramus fractures in 5 cases, and symphysis pubis separation in 2 cases. Posterior ring injuries included sacroiliac ligament injuries in 2 cases, unilateral iliac bone fractures in 3 cases, unilateral sacral fractures in 11 cases, unilateral sacroiliac joint dislocation in 2 cases, and bilateral sacral fracture in 1 case. The intraoperative blood loss and operation time were recorded, and the fracture healing and postoperative complications were observed. Matta score was used to evaluate the reduction of fracture, and Majeed score was used to evaluate the postoperative function of patients. Results: The operation time was 47-123 minutes (mean, 61.4 minutes) and the intraoperative blood loss was 50-115 mL (mean, 61.1 mL). One case had superficial infection at the site of screw implantation, and 1 case had unilateral cutaneous nerve stimulation, which were cured after corresponding treatment. There was no damage of urinary system, reproductive system, and intestine. All cases were followed up 12-25 months (mean, 18.1 months). All the fractures healed after operation, the average healing time was 9.5 weeks (range, 8-13 weeks); no nonunion, delayed healing, internal fixation loosening, fracture, and other situations occurred. Of the 2 patients with lumbosacral plexus injury before operation, 1 recovered completely and 1 had residual mild claudication. At last follow-up, the reduction of fracture was evaluated by Matta scoring standard, the results were excellent in 13 cases and good in 6 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 100%; the function was evaluated by Majeed scoring standard, the results were excellent in 15 cases and good in 4 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 100%. Conclusion: Minimally invasive pelvic stabilization by using anterior subcutaneous INFIX and posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures, can achieve good fracture reduction and definitive stabilization with minimum complications and obtain excellent functional outcomes.

Comparison study of minimally invasive percutaneous bridge internal fixator and traditional external fixator in treatment of unstable pelvic fractures / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of unstable pelvic fractures treated with minimally invasive percutaneous bridge internal fixator or traditional external fixator. Methods: The clinical data of 45 patients with unstable pelvic fractures who met the selection criteria between January 2013 and February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into two groups. In the observation group (25 cases), minimally invasive percutaneous bridge internal fixators were used, and three-dimensional printing pelvic models were used to simulate the reduction and fixation before operation to develop individual reduction strategies. In the control group (20 cases), external fixators were used. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, cause of injury, fracture type (according to Tile classification), and time from injury to operation ( P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The reduction quality was evaluated according to the Matta standard, and functional recovery was evaluated according to the Majeed scoring standard. Results: All patients were followed up 12-20 months (mean, 15 months). The operation time of the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group ( t=2.719, P=0.009); no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss was found between the two groups ( t=0.784, P=0.437). There was no significant difference between the two groups in fracture healing time ( t=0.967, P=0.341). According to the Matta standard, the excellent and good rate of the observation group was 92%, and that of the control group was 70%, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 =3.748, P=0.053). At last follow-up, according to the Majeed scoring standard, the excellent and good rate of the observation group was 88%, and that of the control group was 60%, showing significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 =4.717, P=0.030). The incidences of incision and nailway infection, secondary displacement of fracture, and malunion in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P0.05). Conclusion: Minimally invasive percutaneous bridge internal fixator is a safe and effective method for the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. It has the advantages of minimal trauma, stable fixation, less interference to patients' daily life, early functional exercise, and quickly recovery after operation.

Application of anterior subcutaneous internal fixator combined with posterior plate in treatment of unstable pelvic fractures / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of anterior subcutaneous internal fixator combined with posterior plate in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. Methods: Between January 2015 and January 2019, 26 cases of unstable pelvic fractures were treated with anterior subcutaneous internal fixator combined with posterior plate. There were 16 males and 10 females, with an average age of 42.8 years (range, 25-66 years). According to the Tile classification, 9 of them belonged to type B2, 6 to type B3, 7 to type C1, 3 to type C2, 1 to type C3. The injury severity score (ISS) was 6-43 (mean, 18.3). Four cases combined with brain injury, 7 with limb fractures, 3 with hemopneumothorax, 1 with sciatic nerve injury. The time from injury to operation was 4-12 days (mean, 6.4 days). The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and the complications were recorded. The fracture reduction and the postoperative function of patients were evaluated. Results: All patients were followed up 12-26 months (mean, 16.8 months). The operation time was 65-142 minutes (mean, 72.5 minutes) and the intraoperative blood loss was 42-124 mL (mean, 64.2 mL). There were 2 cases of unilateral lateral femoral cutaneous nerve stimulation, 1 case of femoral nerve paralysis, and 1 case of superficial infection of incision, which were cured after corresponding treatment. X-ray films showed that all fractures healed at 3 months after operation. At last follow-up, according to Matta criteria for fracture reduction, the results were excellent in 8 cases, good in 15 cases, fair in 2 cases, and poor in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 88.5%. According to Majeed scoring system for pelvic function, the results were excellent in 10 cases, good in 12 cases, and fair in 4 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 84.6%. Conclusion: For unstable pelvic fractures, the anterior subcutaneous internal fixator combined with posterior plate has fewer operative complications, high security, and achieve good effectiveness.

Intelligent monitoring system assisted pelvic fracture closed reduction for treating one case with complex pelvic fracture / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To introduce the experience of intelligent monitoring system assisted pelvic fracture closed reduction to treat complex pelvic fracture in a minimally invasive method. Methods: A 30-year-old male patient with complex pelvic fracture caused by a falling injury was treated in December 2019. The pelvic fracture was diagnosed by X-ray film and CT three-dimensional reconstruction. The AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification was 61-C3.3 type (H-shaped sacrum fracture with pubic symphysis separation). At 48 hours after injury, the vital signs were stable, and the operation was performed. The pelvic fracture was reduced with the help of pelvic reduction frame and skeletal traction, the intelligent monitoring system, and fixed with the channel screws. Results: The intraoperative blood loss was 50 mL, the operation time was 180 minutes, and the fluoroscopy time was 45 seconds. The incision healed well after operation. The X-ray film of pelvis was taken on the next day after operation, and the fracture reduction was evaluated as anatomical reduction according to Matta standard; CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the fixation screws were all located in the cortex of bone, without penetrating the cortex of bone. Conclusion: The intelligent monitoring system assisted pelvic fracture closed reduction is reliable in the minimally invasive treatment of complex pelvic fractures, which can achieve good results and reduce intraoperative fluoroscopy.

The application of percutaneous retrograde pubic screw implantation assisted by hollow pedicle opener in treatment of pubic branch fracture / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous retrograde pubic screw implantation assisted by hollow pedicle opener in pubic branch fractures. Methods: The clinical data of 42 patients with pubic branch fractures treated by hollow screw fixation between March 2008 and March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the operation method, they were divided into the traditional operation group (20 cases in group A, fixed with traditional retrograde pubic screws) and the modified operation group (22 cases in group B, fixed with percutaneous retrograde pubic screws assisted by hollow pedicle opener). There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) between the two groups in terms of gender, age, cause of injury, fracture classification, comorbidity, and time from injury to operation. The operation time, blood loss, incision length, screw length, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The fracture reduction was evaluated according to Matta standard on the next day after operation, and the function was evaluated by Majeed score at 12 months after operation. Results: The operation was successfully completed in both groups. The operation time, blood loss, and incision length of group B were significantly less than those of group A ( P0.05). Conclusion: Percutaneous retrograde pubic screw implantation assisted by hollow pedicle opener is effect for the pubic branch fractures with the advantage of smaller incision, shorter operation time, and less bleeding compared with traditional methods.

Is computed tomography cystography indicated in children with pelvic fractures? / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Pelvic fracture evaluation with abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) and formal CT cystography for rule out of urine bladder injury have been commonly employed in pediatric trauma patients. The additional delayed imaging required to obtain optimal CT cystography is, however, associated with increased doses of ionizing radiation to pelvic organs and represent a significant risk in the pediatric population for future carcinogenic risk. We hypothesized that avoidance of routine CT cystography among pediatric pelvic fracture victims would not result in an appreciable rate of missed bladder injuries and would aid in mitigating the radiation exposure risk associated with these additional images.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study involving blunt trauma pelvic fractures among pediatric trauma patients (age<14) between the years 1997 and 2016 was conducted utilizing the Israeli National Trauma Registry. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software version 9.4 via the tests of Chi-square test and two-sided Fisher's exact test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1072 children were identified from the registry for inclusion. Mean age of patients was 7.7 years (range 0-14) and 713 (66.5%) were male. Overall mortality in this population was 4.1% (44/1072). Only 2.1% (23) of pediatric patients with pelvic fractures had bladder injury identified, with just 9 children having intraperitoneal bladder rupture (0.8% of all the patients).@*CONCLUSION@#The vast majority of blunt pediatric trauma victims with pelvic fractures do not have urine bladder injuries. Based on our study results we do not recommend the routine utilization of CT cystography in this unique population.